Understand How it Works

• The immune system mistakenly targets thyroid proteins (like TPO). Chronic inflammation injures thyroid cells.
• Damaged follicles leak stored hormone → occasional brief hyperthyroid-type symptoms like palpitations or anxiety.
• Ongoing damage lowers T3/T4 output → pituitary raises TSH to push the gland.
• High TSH and inflammation enlarge the gland → painless goiter; tissue becomes fibrotic over time.
• Low hormones slow body processes → fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, dry skin, constipation, slowed heart rate, heavy periods.
• Antibody-driven attack is patchy → symptoms can progress slowly and fluctuate.