Summary

diabetes_mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder with high blood glucose from insulin_deficiency or insulin_resistance. Main types: type_1_diabetes, type_2_diabetes, and gestational_diabetes. Key symptoms are polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, fatigue, and blurred vision. Diagnosis uses fasting_plasma_glucose, hemoglobin_a1c, or oral_glucose_tolerance_test. Management includes lifestyle_modification, oral_hypoglycemics, and insulin_therapy. Uncontrolled disease risks retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular_disease. Common risk factors are obesity, sedentary_lifestyle, family_history, and advanced_age. Routine blood_glucose_monitoring supports control and prevents hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia.